解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Analytical geometric models for the bones of the knee region have been developed. A survey was done on real pieces to obtain the dimensions of the geometric sections used in each model. The dependence of the section dimensions on the bone length and the estimated dimensions of the bones for a 1.70 m tall person are pr...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm445
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This trial was undertaken to assess extremity dosemeters, which were made available to Devonport Royal Dockyard and determine the most suitable to the site. The trial included operational and laboratory-based exposures. Operational exposures were within a submarine reactor compartment and a waste storage area. Laborat...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn052
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data collection and its analysis in the field of nuclear safety is an important task in the sense that it powers the improvement of safety as well as reliability of the plant. Thus, occupational exposure data analysis is presented to measure the safety or reliability of radiation protection of a given facility. It als...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm483
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design and dosimetry of a novel in vitro radon irradiation facility to investigate cytogenetic damage induced by radon and progeny is described. The system offers a 4pi geometry for uniform irradiation, proving a versatile and convenient facility for irradiation of whole blood cells in suspension or media. Doses c...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn060
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::International standards for radiation protection dosemeters are published by the International Electrotechnical Commission and the International Organization for Standardization. Several standards exist side by side, although they treat the same measuring task, and specify different requirements, so that dosemeters of...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm331
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flat-panel X-ray detectors for fluoroscopy represent a modern imaging equipment that is being implemented in paediatric cardiac catheterisation laboratories. Infants and children represent a group of patients with a high radiosensitivity. A survey of 273 (126 diagnostic and 147 therapeutic) paediatric catheterisations...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn035
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interventional cardiology procedures are usually associated with high patient doses and even deterministic radiation effects may occur. Expensive digital flat panels are preferably used to lower doses, and Athens General Hospital has recently installed one. However, this study shows that it is the cardiologists' pract...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn005
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A small, specialised amplifier using commercial integrated circuits (ICs) was developed to measure radiation dose and quality in real time using a microdosimetric ion chamber and the variance method. The charges from a microdosimetric ion chamber, operated in the current mode, were repeatedly collected for a fixed per...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm231
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2008, the German Childhood Cancer Registry published the results of the Kinderkrebs in der Umgebung von Kernkraftwerken (KiKK) study of childhood cancer and leukaemia around German nuclear power stations. The positive findings appeared to conflict with the results of a recent British analysis carried out by the Com...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn254
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of a Monte Carlo code for the analysis and interpretation of whole body counting measurements is described. The sources of error are analysed and commented to show how a counting geometry can be improved by improving accuracy and precision in a measurement. The effects of body size, contamination distribution ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm242
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relatively high organ doses absorbed by patients in interventional cardiology suggest the opportunity to define these patients as a cohort to be followed forward in time in an epidemiological study of the cancer risks associated with exposure to low-dose ionising radiation. In this paper, the UNSCEAR 2000 Report risk ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn036
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For an accurate determination of the absorbed doses in complex radiation fields (e.g. mixed neutron-gamma fields), a better interpretation of the response of ionisation chambers is required. This study investigates a model of the ionisation chambers using a different approach, analysing the collected charge per minute...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm484
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DIS-1 dosemeter from the Finnish company RADOS is an innovative kind of passive electronic dosemeter for photon and beta radiation. This study examines the 'long-term' linear response behaviour, the calibration and readout accuracy with large samples of 'used' DIS-1 dosemeters especially in the low-dose region, wh...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm240
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields, 11 microwave (MW), 4 short-wave diathermy and 15 magneto therapy devices were analysed in eight physiotherapy departments. Measurements taken at consoles and environmental mapping showed values above European Directive 2004/40/EC and ACGIH exposure limits at a...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm309
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma spectrometry of well water was done to measure the activity concentrations of gamma-emitters 226Ra and 228Ra from 238U and 232Th series, respectively, and 40K in their waters. Measurements were done using high-purity (HPGe) co-axial detectors (Canberra, GC 2018-7500 ) coupled to Canberra Multichannel Analyser sy...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm429
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetics of dissolution of (238)U, (234)U and (230)Th dust deposited on filters from personal alpha dosemeters was studied by means of a 26-d in vitro dissolution test with a serum ultrafiltrate simulant. Dosemeters had been used by miners at the uranium mine 'Dolní Rozínka' at Rozná, Czech Republic. The sampling flow...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm455
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the availability of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Radon Emanation Standard with a content of approximately 5000 Bq of 226Ra, it is possible to build a flow through a practical radon test chamber. A standard glove box with four gloves and a transfer port is used. Air is pumped through a...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm430
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of (239+240)Pu and (238)Pu were carried out on marine biota as well as on sediments from the fringing reefs area extending towards north and south (Flamingo Bay) of PortSudan harbour. The analyses were performed using radiochemical separation and alpha spectrometry. The range of the activity concentration...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn193
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentration and distribution of natural radionuclides in marble around Igbeti marble mines, Nigeria, were measured to evaluate the environmental radioactivity and health effects which the marble samples may posses. The concentration of radionuclides was determined using gamma-ray spectrometry with NaI (Tl) detec...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn279
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung disease represents one of the most life-threatening conditions in prematurely born children. In the evaluation of the neonatal chest, the primary and most important diagnostic study is therefore the chest radiograph. Since prematurely born children are very sensitive to radiation, those radiographs may lead to a ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn237
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some activities of EURADOS Working Group 9 (WG9) are presently funded by the European Commission (CONRAD project). The objective of WG9 is to promote and co-ordinate research activities for the assessment of occupational exposures to staff at workplaces in interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine. For some o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn149
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In projection radiography, two types of digital imaging systems are currently available, computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR): a difference between them can be stated in terms of dose and image quality. In the Radiology Emergency Department of our hospital, a flat-panel DR equipment (Siemens Axiom Ari...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn013
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the topics which forms part of CONRAD project addresses the problems related to the dosimetry of complex-mixed radiation fields at workplaces. This topic was included in work package (WP) 6. WP 6 was established to co-ordinate research activities in two areas:the development of new techniques and the improvemen...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn220
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single-parameter geometry to describe soil is achieved for Monte Carlo calculation of absorbed dose rate in air for photon emitters from natural radionuclides. This optimised geometry based on physical assumptions consists of the soil part whose emitted radiation has a given minimum probability to reach the detector...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm426
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the multi-centre study was to assess dose area product (DAP) and effective dose of patients undergoing angiography of the lower limbs in Belgium and to investigate the correlation between DAP and effective dose. DAP values were measured in 12 centres and compared with the national diagnostic reference l...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn050
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) carried out a co-ordinated action, supported within the 6th Framework Programme of the European Commission entitled 'A Co-ordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry (CONRAD)'. The project, executed from January 2005 to March 2008, yielded a large number of scientific res...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn209
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risks of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma were investigated for specific work-related exposures of mothers in the UK Childhood Cancer Study. Interviews with parents of 1881 leukaemia and lymphoma cases (0-14 years) and 3742 controls collected job histories recording exposure to eight specific agents. Exposure was (1) ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn265
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of depleted uranium ammunition in South Serbia during the 1999 Kosovo conflict raised a great deal of public concern in the Balkans. Radioactivity levels of 238U in 20 wells and lake water samples were checked from the viewpoint of internal radiation exposure for South Serbian subjects. We have measured 238U c...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm294
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To develop retrospective dosimetry of unexpected radiation accident, basic studies on violet thermoluminescence (VTL) phenomena were conducted using natural quartz grains. All VTL glowcurves of as-received samples did not exhibit peaks <250 degrees C, although for artificially irradiated quartz samples there were VTL ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl108
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The W values of protons in liquid water were calculated for energies from 0.1 keV to 10 MeV using the continuous slowing down approximation as well as three models for the calculation of the differential ionisation cross-sections of water for protons published in recent years. The W values determined by means of the t...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm019
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the Northern Illinois University Institute for Neutron Therapy at Fermilab, the clinical tissue-equivalent ionisation chamber response is measured every treatment day using a cesium source that was configured to match readings obtained at the National Bureau of Standards. Daily measurements are performed in air usi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm126
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation of the simultaneous unfolding of data from neutron spectrometers using the UMG codes MAXED and GRAVEL has been performed. This approach involves combining the data from the spectrometers before unfolding, thereby performing a single combined unfolding of all the data to yield a final combined spectrum...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm082
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent major international intercomparison exercises on intake and internal dose assessments from monitoring data, the results calculated by different participants varied significantly. Based on this experience the need for harmonisation of the procedures has been formulated within an EU 5th Framework Programme res...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl132
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Organic Bound Tritium (OBT) amount in the body may induce changes in the evaluation of the internal exposure to tritium, due to its different retention time relative to HTO. OBT measurements for urine are not performed routinely, mainly because of the lengthy work needed in preparation of the samples, when using t...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm148
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro dose-response calibration curves for (60)Co gamma rays have been established for unstable chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The observed dose-response data were fitted to a linear quadratic model. The calibration curve parameters were used to estimate the equivalent whole-body dose...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl109
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Japanese voxel phantom in upright posture, JM2, has been developed on the basis of CT images of a healthy Japanese adult male. Body characteristics of JM2 were compared with those of the supine voxel phantom, JM, previously developed using CT images of the same person. Differences were found in the shapes of the spi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm272
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of phosphate fertilizers on agricultural farms enhances gamma-ray activity concentration in the farms and therefore absorbed dose rates to the public. The most common natural radionuclides in fertilizer and soil are (40)K, (226)Ra and (232)Th. Agricultural farms at four locations in two districts in Pakistan c...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl100
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present paper shows methods to suppress radon emanation from artificial porous materials such as phosphorous fertiliser or diatomaceous earth with a small amount of radium. The basic concept of suppression is making the radon emanation mechanism 'null', which comes from the fact that recoil is the main mechanism o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm420
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urine monitoring is the preferred method to determine exposure to soluble compounds of uranium in workplaces. The interpretation of uranium contents in workers bioassay samples requires knowledge on uranium excretion and its dependence on intake by diet. Exceptionally high concentrations of natural uranium in private ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm155
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of experimental studies performed in a radiotherapy (12)C ion beam with a nominal energy of 500 MeV/amu and in (16)O and (56)Fe ion beams with a nominal energy of 1 GeV/amu have been described. Linear energy transfer (LET) spectra have been established by means of an LET spectrometer based on a chemically ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm133
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00